Epitopes and Mimotopes Identification Using Phage Display for Vaccine Development against Infectious Pathogens

Traditional vaccines use inactivated or weakened forms of pathogens which could have side effects and inadequate immune responses. To overcome these challenges, phage display has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying specific epitopes that be used in vaccines. This review emphasizes the direct connection between epitope identification vaccine development, filling crucial gap field. technique allows to engineered effectively stimulate system by presenting carefully selected epitopes. Phage involves screening libraries random peptides gene/genome fragments using serum samples from infected, convalescent, vaccinated individuals. method been identify various including SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, hepatitis viruses, H5N1, HIV-1, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Dirofilaria repens. Bacteriophages offer advantages such being immunogenic carriers, low production costs, customization options, making them promising alternative traditional The purpose this study highlight an approach encompasses entire process single technique, without requiring additional manipulation. Unlike conventional methods, demonstrates exceptional efficiency speed, provide significant critical scenarios pandemics.